Urmia University, Faculty of Economics and ManagementIranian Industrial Economics Studies2588-63121120171201Analysis of price and entry barriers to bespoke-purpose application markets through static Bayesian game1122052810.30466/iies.2018.20528ENJalil BadpeymaLecturer at Faculty of Literature and Social Science, Kurdistan University, Sanandaj, IranJournal Article20171016We model the interplay Entry barriers are structural variables that play an important role in explaining market power and unconventional profit. The causes and sources of entry barriers may be technical, legal issues or conditions of the market. In this research, the cause of entry barrier in the market of bespoke-purpose applications is assumed to be lack of differentiation in production. This entry barrier is structural and supply-side where entrance is blocked in a range of prices. In this article, the price of corresponding application and maximum entry forestalling price to the market was calculated through static Bayesian game and assuming lack of knowledge of computer companies about future demand. The results indicate that in case of software demand in more than one stage, maximum entry barrier price and consequently the height (intensity) of entry barrier increase with respect to an increase in the number of stages. In this case, the buyer will suffer from extra costs compared to purchase at once, and the increase in the number of these steps leads to a rise in the imposed costs.https://iies.urmia.ac.ir/article_20528_0d972965631c506bc66dd04a724f3a5f.pdfUrmia University, Faculty of Economics and ManagementIranian Industrial Economics Studies2588-63121120171201Localization of firms in conditions of triangular distribution of consumers and uncertain quality of firms13202052910.30466/iies.2018.20529ENSalah SalimianUrmia university, Urmia, IranKiumars ShahbaziUrmia university, Urmia, IranFarhad Khodadad KashiTehran PNU University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20180225One of the main problems of localization models is simplifying assumptions on consumers' distribution on the streets or city. Localization methods usually use uniform distribution patterns while in real world, this kind of distribution is unavailable and the consumers are mostly accumulated in centers rather than margins. Using triangular distribution for consumers and concerning uncertainty of the quality of products of enterprises, this paper deals with localization of enterprises. The results indicated that if the quality of products differs highly, then just one enterprise will sell its products in the market and if this difference is partial and negligible, then both enterprises will be active in the market. If either enterprise 1 or enterprise 2 is the only seller in the market, then it gets the highest price at final points. Furthermore, if the indifferent consumer is at the left side of center, then enterprise 1 will get the highest price at left margin (point 0) and if the indifferent consumer is at the right side of center, then enterprise 1 will get the highest price at right side (point 1) and in both conditions, enterprise 2 will get the highest price at center.https://iies.urmia.ac.ir/article_20529_0e36eaadbf1df8d0ce9f5acc45751bc9.pdfUrmia University, Faculty of Economics and ManagementIranian Industrial Economics Studies2588-63121120171201Tax competition: Quality and quantity of provision of public goods213212055810.30466/iies.2018.51091.1005ENAhmed Haidara Ould AbdessalamLecturer at IÉSEG school of managementJournal Article20180312The present study was an attempt to investigate local governments’ reaction to financing the quality of public goods provision. More especially, whether the local governments must tax the mobile capital or not was addressed. To this end, = Samuelson’s rule and the conditions under which the optimal allocation of resources for private and public goods were examined. The findings demonstrated that if local governments finance the public goods by taxing the households without varying their tax rate on capital, the optimality as defined by Samuelson’s rule, is constrained by the funding of the quality of public goods. However, taxing the capital modifies the Samuelson’s rule. Thus, there is a supplementary cost supported by the households linked to a distorting tax.https://iies.urmia.ac.ir/article_120558_78f898ccce82060e8b3833fddd77b19e.pdfUrmia University, Faculty of Economics and ManagementIranian Industrial Economics Studies2588-63121120171201Innovation investments and energy efficiency: A cluster analysis of Iranian industries334012055410.30466/iies.2018.120554ENMahmood MahmoodzadehIslamic Azad University, Firoozkooh Branch, Firoozkooh, IranSomaye SadeghiDepartment of Economics, Firoozkooh Branch,
Islamic Azad University,
Firoozkooh, IranJournal Article20171030The present paper investigates the effects of innovation investments such as research and development (R&D) expenditures (divided into domestic and foreign) and information and communications technologies (ICT ) investments on energy intensity in three clusters of Iranian industries including small, medium, and large industries during 2000-2012. The findings obtained from panel GMM method indicated that in all clusters, domestic R&D expenditures did not have a significant impact on energy intensity, while foreign R&D expenditures led to a considerable decrease in energy intensity. Moreover, ICT investments resulted in a rise in energy intensity. As it was expected, spillovers from these innovations, especially R&D spillover led to a decline in energy intensity.https://iies.urmia.ac.ir/article_120554_d7528ad5a37f4eeb22112ed5702f2e79.pdfUrmia University, Faculty of Economics and ManagementIranian Industrial Economics Studies2588-63121120171201The effect of oil price on factor demands and total factor productivity: energy-intensive manufacturing industries in European countries importing Iranian oil415212054910.30466/iies.2018.120549ENSaba Lobabi MirghavamiDepartment of Energy Economics, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranSomayeh AzamiDepartment of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences and Education, Razi University, Kermanshah, IranMajid AhmadianFaculty of Economics, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20180410This study focuses on the effect of oil price on factor demands and total factor productivity of energy-intensive manufacturing industries in 10 European countries importing Iranian oil during 1980-2010. To do so, factor demand system and productivity growth equation is simultaneously estimated by a seemingly unrelated regression (SURE) method. Using Delta technique, significance level of converted parameters are investigated. It is expected that industries’ oil demand experiences a significant decrease in response to rising oil prices. Cross price elasticity estimates indicate that with rising oil prices, it would be replaced with raw materials in 9 countries, capital in 8 countries, and labor and other energies in 6 countries. Rising oil prices would result in increased total factors productivity as well as average oil productivity. Estimated rebound effects indicate that by implementing energy efficiency policies, consumption of oil and "other energies" will decrease in most countries, due to negative rebound effects, to more than what is expected of full realization of the policies.https://iies.urmia.ac.ir/article_120549_808625bea46f23412bed8f289d0b9de9.pdfUrmia University, Faculty of Economics and ManagementIranian Industrial Economics Studies2588-63121120171201Application of distance function and data envelopment analysis in efficiency evaluation of Islamic Azad University branches in East Azerbaijan province536212057710.30466/iies.2018.51174.1010ENKhalil JahangiriAli RezazadehUrmia UniversityMohsen Poorebadollahantabriz universityJournal Article20180530The main aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of Islamic Azad University branches in East Azerbaijan using stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and to compare the findings with the results of data envelopment analysis (DEA). In this respect, SFA and DEA techniques were applied to measure production efficiency of 28 branches of East Azerbaijan Islamic Azad University considering the following variables as either output or input: 3 variables as output (including the number of graduated students and students accepted for the further pursuit of their studies, as well as the number of articles, books, and research projects) and 6 variables as input (including the number of university faculty members, educational fields, current students, staff working in different sections of the university, and the total university campus in square meters as well as university costs). Estimation of DEA and obtaining of the units' efficiency indicated that the average efficiency of the universities under investigation were 0.66 and 0.80 in SFA and DEA techniques, respectively. In addition, efficiency distributions in SFA and DEA methods were tremendously different from each other so that in SFA method nearly 40% while in DEA method more than 60% of unit efficiency was between 0.8-1 intervals. The minimum level of estimated efficiency (0.14) was observed for Hadishahr using SFA method, and in DEA approach, the minimum level of efficiency belonged to Khoda Afarin branch (0.065).https://iies.urmia.ac.ir/article_120577_36ca3e32273550834cf63fc0791a848d.pdf