Advanced pheno-morpho-pomological evaluation of 246 apple half-sib genotypes for the selection of very early- and early-ripening cultivars

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student in Horticultural Crop Biotechnology and Molecular Genetics, Islamic Azad University, Abhar Branch, Abhar, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Temperate and Cold Fruit Research Center, Horticulture Sciences Research Institute, Agriculture Research Education & Extension Organization, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.

4 Research Expert, Research Institute of Temperate and Cold Fruits, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Iran.

10.30466/rip.2022.54182.1232

Abstract

To develop early-ripening apple cultivars, flowering phenology was evaluated in 246 hybrid half-sib genotypes following an unusually early temperature increase in mid-March 2019 and the occurrence of spring frost in 2020, which enabled the identification of tolerant progeny. During the 2019–2020 growing season, flowering phenology, ripening time, flowering duration and density, fruitlet and fruit set percentages, pomological characteristics, and sensory attributes were recorded for high-yielding apple progeny. In 2019, based on flowering-density data from 246 genotypes established in a young hybrid orchard, 126 progenies were classified within a flowering-density range of 50–100%. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences at the 1% probability level in the reproductive traits of flower and fruit numbers per branch. The shortest and longest flowering durations were seven days, recorded in 37 hybrids, and 24 days, recorded only in the very early-ripening hybrids L5G11 and L9G10, respectively. In 2020, 80 genotypes with flowering densities of 80–100% were selected. In six flowering branches per tree, the numbers of inflorescences, fruitlets, and fruits were counted at four successive developmental stages. Sensory evaluation identified 18 progenies with the highest acceptability. The early-to-mid-ripening genotype L7G8 had the largest fruit diameter (69.5 mm) and weight (125 g). Four very early-ripening genotypes (L9G19 and L2G17, which ripened in June, and L1G28 and L4G21, which ripened very early) as well as several June-ripening progeny tolerant to spring frost, were harvestable in early July, approximately one month earlier than Golab Kohanz. Three-dimensional correlation analysis among fruit diameter, weight, and ripening time showed that the percentage of fruit set decreased as fruit diameter and weight increased.

Keywords

References

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Research in Pomology
Volume 8, Issue 2
March 2024
Pages 70-85

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